Despite the influence of a national policy on the sustainability of trophy hunting in Tanzania and its major conservation role, very little information is available on the industry and many aspects are shrouded in secrecy [16,18]. In particular, many of the concessions are leased to local companies that do not have the capacity to market their hunting opportunities, which leads to a system of subleasing, mostly to foreign non-resident professional hunters. This has implications for revenue collection because these hunting opportunities are often cheaply subleased and much of the generated income never enters Tanzania, and so cannot be taxed by the Tanzania Revenue Authority [38]. Furthermore, the blocks are sub-leased for short periods, which may encourage their over-utilization. Such over-utilization is a particular concern for lion conservation in Tanzania, as the country supports between a quarter and half of the remaining free-ranging lions in the world [25,42]. In addition, Tanzania is the most important destination for sport hunting of lions, exporting an average of 243 wild lion trophies per year between 1996 and 2006, compared to 96/yr from Zimbabwe, and 55/yr from Zambia, while no other country exported more than 20/yr [43].
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Twenty hunting companies were listed as leasing blocks in SGR between 1995 and 2009. Twenty-six blocks were under long-term tenure and 17 blocks were under short-term tenure. Data on government income per block was only available for blocks within SGR and from 1996 to 2003 (listed in [38]). During this period government income from hunting activities was dependent on six different fees. The two key fees are the trophy fee, which is the amount paid when a targeted animal is killed, and the block fee, which is the fee paid annually by a company to lease a block. From 1996 to 2003, government income was heavily reliant on trophy fees (accounting for 59% of government income from hunting). The lion trophy fees accounted for almost ten percent of the overall wildlife trophy fees. Block leases in 2003 were only $7500 per block, regardless of size, and therefore only accounted for 11% of the government income from hunting. Block fees increased to $12,000 in 2006, and then $27,000 in 2008, and up to $60,000 in 2011.
On Sunday, January 16, 2005, a large crowd was on hand for the special awards program held at the 16th Annual Garden State Deer Classic for the top three 2003-2004 entries in each category. The 2005 Deer Classic was sponsored by the Division of Fish and Wildlife, the New Jersey State Federation of Sportsmen’s Clubs, United Bowhunters of New Jersey (UBNJ) and the Garden State Outdoor Sportsmen's Show. Along with the winners present at the Classic, appearing in the photos on this page are, left to right (in most photos), Jack Spoto, President of UBNJ, Fish and Game Council member John Messeroll representing the Federation and Division Director Marty McHugh. For the complete list and actual scores, see the list of winners below. 200 Pound Buck Club - BowKevin Pross, 2nd Place and Kenneth W. Baker, 1st Place Typical BowGregory Ziola, 3rd PlaceMark Spoto, 2nd PlaceLarry D. Hunt, 1st Place Non-typical BowRobert L. Bill, Jr, 3rd PlaceKarl Bauer, 2nd PlaceWayne Dressler, 1st Place Typical MuzzleloaderNick Scamuffa, 3rd PlaceJeffrey W. Penksa, 1st Place Non-typical MuzzleloaderWarren S. Brown, III, 2nd PlaceRon Keller, Jr., 1st Place Typical ShotgunO.David Huebner, 2nd PlaceCharlie Barabas, 1st Place Non-typical ShotgunJoseph F. Kucowski, 3rd PlaceEdward Castelli, 2nd PlaceJames C. Novosel, 1st Place WINNERS of the 2005 DEER CLASSIC Category Place Name Score \Weight County Harvested DMZ Date Harvested 135 Pound Doe Club - Muzzleloader 1st Jeffrey W. Norton 136 lbs.
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By contrast, European elites have hunted for sport, and have sought to deny the general public access to game animals, for centuries.7 However, it was not until the middle of the nineteenth century, after the Industrial Revolution was well underway, that hunting became a popular form of recreation among the upper classes in the United States.8 Trophy hunting groups have correctly noted that, during the late 1800s and early 1900s, some hunters played key roles in protecting wilderness and wildlife. However, as will be shown below, the claim that contemporary trophy hunting organizations remain at the forefront of efforts to preserve biological diversity is objectively and demonstrably false.
The 2021 Deer Hunter Survey also asked hunters to provide information on their wild hog and coyote harvesting activities. Documenting the hog harvest became customary several years ago because wild hogs are commonly taken incidental to deer hunting. Wild or feral hogs are often thought of as "game" and there is a certain amount of sport associated with harvesting hogs. Wild hogs provide quality meat for the hunter and mature hogs can make a highly sought-after "trophy". Wild hogs are not native to South Carolina or any part of the North American continent. They are descendants of European domestic hogs that escaped or were released dating back as far as the early Spanish explorers. Also, closed-range or fencing requirements for livestock did not arise until the 1900's and letting hogs "free-range" was common prior to fencing laws. Wild hogs were historically associated with the major river flood plain systems in Coastal South Carolina. Unfortunately, recent relocations of wild hogs by hunters appear to be responsible for the species populating areas where they were not found in the past. Wild hogs directly compete with native species like deer and wild turkey for habitat and food, and hogs can do significant damage to the habitat and agricultural production through their rooting activities. Legislation passed during the 2005 session of the South Carolina General Assembly prohibits the release of hogs in the state and legislation passed in 2010 prohibits the removal of a live hog from the woods without a permit (SC Code Section 50-16-25). Hogs are not protected animals in South Carolina and hunters can harvest them throughout the year during daylight hours and at night by registering their property. 2ff7e9595c
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